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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 12:39 am
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Results for organized crime (u.k.)
10 results foundAuthor: Hopkins, Matt Title: Exploring the Links Between Homicide and Organised Crime Summary: This report summarises research that explored the links between homicide and organised crime. The study was commissioned in the summer of 2009 as part of the commitment to reduce serious and violent crime and aimed to identify what proportion of homicides involve organised crime and the nature of the relationship between organised crime activity and homicide. The findings are based on analysis of Home Office Homicide Index data for 2005-06 and in-depth interviews with police senior investigating officers. Key findings: Six per cent of all recorded non-terrorist homicides in England and Wales in 2005-06 were assessed as having some link to organised crime. In 13 cases (2% of all non-terrorist homicides), organised crime groups with some recognisable structure were involved in the homicide. However, there was little evidence to suggest that these were large-scale criminal enterprises of the kind associated with populist notions of organised crime such as the Mafia or Mob. In homicide cases overall, victims and suspects were predominantly male and fell within the 18-to-29 age group. These patterns were even more pronounced in cases linked to organised crime. There was also a far higher proportion of Black victims and suspects in organised crime homicides than in homicides which were not linked to organised crime. Homicides linked to organised crime occurred mainly on the street, whereas incidents that were not related to organised crime more commonly occurred in the victim's home. Victims in organised crime homicides were more likely to be stabbed or shot than victims in non-organised crime cases, where other methods (such as beatings and strangulation) were more common. Significantly fewer homicides linked to organised crime were detected compared to those homicides not linked to organised crime. Details: London: Home Office, 2011. 5p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report 54: Accessed July 12, 2011 at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/horr54?view=Binary Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/horr54?view=Binary Shelf Number: 122029 Keywords: HomicidesMurdersOrganized Crime (U.K.)Violent Crime |
Author: van Staden, Lauren Title: Tackling Organised Crime Through a Partnership Approach at the Local Level: A Process Evaluation Summary: Existing research suggests that multi-agency approaches can be particularly effective in tackling complex crime and disorder problems (Berry et al., 2011; Rosenbaum, 2002). However, our understanding of what can be achieved by tackling organised crime through multi-agency working is limited; a recent review of the evidence on the effectiveness of partnership working in tackling crime did not identify any studies which focused primarily on organised crime and criminal activity (Berry et al., 2011). In England and Wales a partnership approach to tackling crime and disorder at the local level has been present in various guises since the 1960s, and has been a statutory requirement since the Crime & Disorder Act (1998). While the predominant focus of Community Safety Partnerships (CSPs) is crime and disorder, they are unlikely to regularly share information on, or develop a multi-agency action plan against, organised crime, unless it is identified as a priority through their local strategic assessment. A partnership approach to tackling organised crime has recently been evident at both the national and regional level. The Organised Crime Partnership Board (set up in 2008) brings together a range of national agencies with the aim of strengthening the co-ordinated response to organised crime across the law enforcement and criminal justice community. At the regional level, multi-agency task forces have been in place since 2009. The aim of these groups is to address cross-border serious and organised crime in a more systematic way (HMIC, 2009). However, this has not extended through CSPs to the local level where tackling organised crime is still considered, in the main, to be the role of the police. In February 2010 the Home Office set up an initiative to explore whether or not local partnership working could contribute to tackling organised crime. The initiative was developed in response to a recommendation included in the Cabinet Office (2009) review of organised crime ‘Extending Our Reach’ which focused on the development of a better understanding of the role that CSPs can play in tackling lower-level organised crime. Although not prescribing the mechanisms involved, the review proposed a partnership approach to tackling organised crime involving the sharing of relevant information between agencies for the purposes of targeting criminals and/or criminal activity. The review suggested that while not all those identified as being involved in organised crime would be suitable for targeting through a partnership approach, it was likely that a proportion would be known to both the police and partner agencies and could therefore potentially be tackled more effectively by co-ordinating activity (Cabinet Office, 2009). This study presents the findings from a process evaluation of 12 pilot sites set up as part of this initiative jointly run by the Home Office Community Safety Unit and the Home Office Strategic Centre for Organised Crime. Details: London: Home Office, 2011. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report 56: Accessed August 5, 2011 at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/horr56/horr56-report?view=Binary Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/horr56/horr56-report?view=Binary Shelf Number: 122305 Keywords: CollaborationOrganized Crime (U.K.)Partnerships |
Author: Home Office Title: Local to Global: Reducing the Risk from Organised Crime Summary: Organised crime is a real problem that affects real people. Organised crime costs the UK between £20 and £40 billion every year – its impact is felt by the state, businesses, communities, families and individuals. On 28 July 2011, the government launched its new organised crime strategy, 'Local to global: reducing the risk from organised crime'. Through the strategy, the government has set out clear proposals for bringing together for the first time the work of those in the UK with a responsibility for tackling organised crime. On 8 June the government published its plan for the creation of a new National Crime Agency (NCA). When established, in 2013, the NCA will result in a step change in fighting organised crime, by creating the right structure at a national level to combat this threat. 'Local to global' outlines how we will oversee improvements before the establishment of the NCA, and through to 2015, and how the work of the police service, the Serious Organised Crime Agency, HM Revenue & Customs, the UK Border Agency and the intelligence agencies will become increasingly coordinated, more effective and more efficient. The overall aim of the organised crime strategy is to reduce the risk to the UK and its interests from organised crime by reducing the threat from organised criminals and reducing vulnerabilities and criminal opportunities. The key elements of our response are based on three themes: stem the opportunities for organised crime to take root strengthen enforcement against organised criminals safeguard communities, businesses and the state. The strategy also sets out how the public has a key part to play and how communities will be supported to play a greater role in ensuring that organised criminals cannot keep themselves, and their criminal assets, out of the reach of law enforcement. Taken together, the new approach and actions set out in this strategy will enable us collectively to reduce the risk to the UK and its interests from organised crime. Accountability and implementation: We will also put in place clear accountability arrangements and a transparent set of indicators so the public can judge success. Overall implementation of the organised crime strategy will be overseen by the National Security Council with implementation coordinated by the strategic centre for organised crime in the Home Office. Details: London: Home Office, 2011. 44. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed on January 23, 2012 at http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/crime/organised-crime-strategy?view=Binary Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/crime/organised-crime-strategy?view=Binary Shelf Number: 123757 Keywords: Organized Crime (U.K.)Risk Management |
Author: Alliance Against IP Theft Title: Proving the Connection: links between intellectual property theft and organised crime Summary: Ever since the Alliance officially launched in the Summer of 1999, announcing £6.4 billion lost to the UK economy through counterfeiting and piracy, we have made references to links between intellectual property (IP) theft and organised crime. Although anecdotal, we knew that these links existed because of the evidence which our members’ anti-piracy units were turning up in the course of enforcing the intellectual property rights (IPR) within their industries. However, none of it was being systematically documented. Then, for the first time, the National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS) listed intellectual property theft in its 2000 National Threat Assessment and accorded it a high impact assessment. The report also stated that “money laundering is integral to practically all criminal activities that generate high volumes of cash proceeds.” The connection was reinforced in the following year’s National Threat Assessment, but there were issues surrounding the sharing of confidential operational information which caused a real lack of coordination of any hard facts. The Alliance believed that in various files dotted about industry’s antipiracy units were useful case histories accumulating amongst the miscellaneous press cuttings covering their operational successes. So we set about unearthing this information to produce solid examples to support our claims of the growing attraction of the low risk activity of counterfeiting and piracy to organised crime groups. This report is our first attempt at publishing our findings. It represents the tip of the iceberg. It is indicative of the global nature of the problem that two similar reports have just been published in France and the USA. Details: London: Alliance Against IP Theft, Undated. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 7, 2012 at http://www.allianceagainstiptheft.co.uk/downloads/reports/Proving-the-Connection.pdf Year: 0 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.allianceagainstiptheft.co.uk/downloads/reports/Proving-the-Connection.pdf Shelf Number: 125331 Keywords: Money LaunderingOrganized Crime (U.K.)Piracy, Intellectual PropertyTheft of Intellectual Property (U.K.) |
Author: Webb, Sarah Title: The Contribution of Financial Investigation to Tackling Organised Crime: A Qualitative Study Summary: Financial investigation is one of many specialist investigative approaches employed by law enforcement when tackling organised crime, and it is an increasingly well-established discipline. Financial investigators typically operate within the legal framework of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA), which introduced a number of asset recovery powers, including the use of restraint orders1 and post-conviction confiscation orders and cash seizure and civil forfeiture/recovery. Related policies include the Asset Recovery Incentivisation Scheme, which allows frontline agencies to keep a proportion of assets recovered. Knowledge about, and understanding of, the role that financial investigation can play in tackling organised crime has been identified as a key evidence gap. The current research therefore explores the contribution of financial investigation as one of the specialist investigation approaches used by law enforcement agencies to tackle organised crime. The report sets out its use and benefits, as well as the barriers and implications, for policy and practice. The research explored 60 cases where financial investigation was used to tackle organised crime. Methods were qualitative; 149 semi-structured interviews were carried out with practitioners including financial investigators, investigating officers and Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) representatives. An additional eight interviews were completed with practitioners working in a confiscation order enforcement role. Key Findings -- Financial investigation was used across all aspects of organised crime cases, from identifying criminality, developing intelligence and case building, through to prosecution and confiscation order enforcement. Financial investigations were rarely used to identify organised criminality in the first instance. Financial investigation techniques were applied in more than one-half of the cases studied during the pre- and post-arrest investigation and case-building phase. Where used, financial investigation contributed to the process of case building through: - identifying organised criminality in the first instance; - identifying the extent of an organised crime group; - locating assets owned or used by organised crime group members; - identifying ownership and use of properties; - uncovering evidence of the lifestyle led by those targeted; - tracking the movements of individuals; - placing people at particular places at particular times, thereby linking them to criminality or particular criminal groups; and - identifying additional offences and offenders. In one-half of the cases examined, evidence from the financial investigation was considered to have influenced the prosecution's case. - In 12 cases, a conviction would not have been possible without the financial investigation (these were mainly money laundering or fraud cases). - In 14 cases the financial investigation was able to demonstrate the greater involvement of the accused in the criminal activity. - In five cases the financial investigation revealed additional members of the organised crime group who could be brought into the prosecution. - In seven cases additional offences (particularly money laundering) were brought into the prosecution. Interviewees also suggested that greater collaboration between enforcement and prosecution teams, or even co-location, could improve enforcement understanding of the criminality of organised crime groups. Details: London: Home Office, 2012. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report 65: Accessed September 5, 2012 at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/horr65?view=Binary Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/horr65?view=Binary Shelf Number: 126256 Keywords: Financial CrimesFinancial InvestigationsMoney LaunderingOrganized Crime (U.K.) |
Author: Francis, Brian Title: Understanding Criminal Careers in Organised Crime Summary: Organised crime is a dangerous and constantly evolving global phenomenon (Europol, 2011). In recent years the Home Office has made considerable efforts to combat this threat under the auspices of its national strategy Local to Global: Reducing the Risk from Organised Crime (HM Government, 2011). A significant gap in the UK evidence base on organised crime is around the offending careers of serious and organised criminals. - provide a profile of the characteristics of offenders involved in organised crime in England and Wales; The aim of this study is to increase understanding of the criminal careers of organised offenders and, in doing so, inform the development of policy and law enforcement responses. The research aims to: - chart the criminal careers of organised crime offenders; and - establish whether offence-based risk factors can be identified that may support early identification of organised crime offenders. Details: London: Home Office, 2013. 120p. Source: Internet Resource: Home Office Research Report 74: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/246392/horr74.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/246392/horr74.pdf Shelf Number: 131656 Keywords: Career CriminalsCriminal CareersCriminal HistoriesCriminal TrajectoriesOrganized Crime (U.K.)Risk Analysis |
Author: Great Britain. National Crime Agency Title: National Strategic Assessment of Serious and Organised Crime 2014 Summary: If there is a single cross-cutting issue that has changed the landscape for serious and organised crime and our response against it, it is the growth in scale and speed of internet communication technologies. The online streaming of real-time child sexual exploitation and abuse is a growing threat. Cyber techniques have proliferated and are used ever more extensively by wider serious and organised crime groups to commit 'traditional' crimes (see Section 1: Cross-cutting issues for cyber-enabled crime). As more government services go online, including tax collection, there is an increasing risk of online attacks and fraud against the public sector. Large scale attacks on public as well as private online services erode consumer confidence, which affects the UK's social and economic well-being and reduces the attractiveness of the UK as a place to do business. 84% of all cases of identity fraud are delivered by the internet. The pace of development of deployable criminal tools is such that we anticipate an increase in the targeted compromise of UK networked systems, more ransom-ware attacks and distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks against business-critical systems. Corruption is another key cross-cutting issue, the impact of which is disproportionate to the level and frequency at which it occurs, with serious ramifications in terms of confidence towards the public and private sectors and in undermining trust in government. Proceeds of corruption and bribery amounting to millions of pounds from some international politically exposed persons (PEPs) have been laundered through UK financial systems including banks and investment property. The scale of the laundering of criminal proceeds, despite the UK's leading role in developing international standards to tackle it, is a strategic threat to the UK's economy and reputation. Some of the same financial transfer systems used by serious and organised criminals in the UK are also used by terrorist groups both domestically and overseas. The UK and its dependent territories are believed to have been the destination for billions of pounds of European criminal proceeds. We assess that the supply of heroin from Afghanistan, amphetamine processing/production in the UK and the supply of new psychoactive substances are all likely to increase, and that the supply of cocaine from South America is likely to remain at a high rate. The impact of the illegal drugs trade in the countries where they are sourced and those through which they are trafficked can be significant and undermines states and government structures. In some cases it has the potential to damage UK strategic partnerships. Human trafficking is widely recognised as a significant global problem. Work to scope the extent of criminality behind the trafficking of human beings continues in order to improve the understanding of modern slavery. We assess that irregular migrants already in the UK will continue to provide a pool of people that serious and organised criminals can exploit by selling them forged or counterfeit documents to support fraudulent applications for leave to remain in the UK. We also assess that criminal exploitation of the legitimate supply of firearms to the UK marketplace will increase. There is also a concern that weapons, whether from illegal or legitimate sources, might find their way into the hands of extremists. All of the most serious crime threats are transnational. Commodities of all types - including, for example, trafficked people destined for modern slavery, intangibles targeted in fraud and cyber crime - either come from or transit through often unstable countries. Corruption in these countries both feeds off the proceeds of the crime and contributes in turn to instability. The criminal exploitation of corrupt and unstable governments or countries can directly threaten UK national security. Details: London: National Crime Agency, 2014. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 29, 2014 at: http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/publications/207-nca-strategic-assessment-of-serious-and-organised-crime/file Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/publications/207-nca-strategic-assessment-of-serious-and-organised-crime/file Shelf Number: 133466 Keywords: Child Sexual ExploitationCybercrimeDrug TraffickingHuman TraffickingIllegal DrugsIllegal GunsNational SecurityOnline VictimizationOrganized Crime (U.K.)Violent Crime |
Author: Long, Iain W. Title: Recruitment to Organised Crime Summary: Organised crime is unique within the underground economy. Unlike individual criminals, criminal organisations can substitute between a variety of inputs; chiefly labour and effort. This paper considers the effect of several popular anti-crime policies in such an environment. Using a profit maximisation framework, I find that certain policies may cause the organisation to reduce its membership in favour of more intensive activity. Others may lead to increases in membership. Consequently, policies designed to reduce the social loss suffered as a result of criminal activities may actually increase it. Results prove robust to differences in hiring practices on the part of the criminal organisation. Details: Cardiff: Cardiff Business School, 2013. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper No. E2013/10: Accessed October 16, 2014 at: http://business.cardiff.ac.uk/sites/default/files/E2013_10.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://business.cardiff.ac.uk/sites/default/files/E2013_10.pdf Shelf Number: 133960 Keywords: Criminal CareersGangsOrganized Crime (U.K.) |
Author: Long, Iain W. Title: The Storm Before the Calm? Adverse Effects of Tackling Organised Crime Summary: Policies targeted at high-crime neighbourhoods may have unintended consequences in the presence of organised crime. Whilst they reduce the incentive to commit crime at the margin, those who still choose to join the criminal organization are hardened criminals. Large organisations take advantage of this, substituting away from membership size towards increased individual criminal activity. Aggregate crime may rise. However, as more would-be recruits move into the formal labour market, falling revenue causes a reversal of this effect. Thereafter, the policy reduces both size and individual activity simultaneously. Details: Cardiff: Cardiff Business School, 2014. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper No. E2014/8: Accessed October 16, 2014 at: http://business.cardiff.ac.uk/sites/default/files/working-papers/E2014_8.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://business.cardiff.ac.uk/sites/default/files/working-papers/E2014_8.pdf Shelf Number: 133957 Keywords: Criminal CareersNeighborhoods and CrimeOrganized Crime (U.K.) |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Serious and Organised Crime Local Profiles: A Guide Summary: 1.1 In its National Security Strategy in 2010 the Government made clear that serious and organised crime (SOC) is a national security threat which needs an effective cross-government and law enforcement response. 1.2 Serious and organised crime includes: trafficking and dealing in drugs, people, weapons and counterfeit goods; sophisticated theft and robbery; fraud and other forms of financial crime; and cyber crime and cyber-enabled crime. It also includes modern slavery and child sexual exploitation. 1.3 Law enforcement agency estimates tell us that over 30,000 people are engaged in serious and organised crime in this country, operating in over 5,000 groups. We think that the cost to government from their activities is at least $24 billion each year and likely to be very much more.1 That figure does not include costs to the private sector: to protect itself from serious and organised crime the financial sector alone spends $10 billion each year. 1.4 In 2010 the Government made a commitment to develop a new national law enforcement organisation - the National Crime Agency (NCA) - to co-ordinate work against serious and organised crime in this country. The NCA was launched in 2013. 1.5 At the same time the Government published a new strategy to deal with serious and organised crime which was agreed by all the ministers represented at the National Security Council. The strategy and a high level summary are available online at: www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/248646/Serious_and_organised_crime_strategy_pamphlet.pdf. 1.6 The strategy deliberately uses the framework developed for counter-terrorist work and has four main objectives (the 4Ps): - PURSUE: prosecuting and disrupting people engaged in serious and organised crime; - PREVENT: preventing people from engaging in serious and organised crime; - PROTECT: increasing protection against serious and organised crime; - PREPARE: reducing the impact of this criminality where it takes place. 1.7 The strategy starts from an important assumption. Neither the police nor the NCA on their own can tackle the breadth and complexity of the threat from serious and organised crime. 1.8 Like other threats to our national security, serious and organised crime requires a response across the whole of government, and close collaboration with the public, the private sector and with many other countries. 2.1 This guidance provides an overview of the development, distribution and effective use of Local Profiles on serious and organised crime. 2.2 Police forces will continue to conduct most law enforcement work on serious and organised crime. They should be supported by new local, multi-agency partnerships, including representatives from local authorities, education, health and social care, and Immigration Enforcement. The effect must be to ensure that all available information and powers are brought to bear locally against serious and organised crime. 2.3 These local partnerships will need a common understanding of the threat from serious and organised crime and how it impacts upon local communities. Reflecting relevant learning from counter-terrorism (notably the development of what are known as Counter-Terrorism Local Profiles or CTLPs) and existing good practice in serious and organised crime, we want police forces and the NCA to develop and share Local Profiles of serious and organised crime. 2.4 CTLPs have been produced since 2009, and have been subject to a comprehensive national review of their production and delivery process as well as a stakeholder survey.2 The review identified both examples of good practice and key areas for improvement. The findings were positive and provide a useful evidence base 2 National Counter-Terrorism Local Profile Review (December 2009) and Ipsos Mori (January 2010) for the content of this guidance. Key findings were that CTLPs: - are a useful and engaging resource and a catalyst for closer partnership working and local action; - are generally well received and valued, and briefings are - and should - become 'business as usual' for many force areas; - need to contain information that is relevant, up to date and localised; - should provide practical recommendations that partners can own and progress; and - should be shared more widely and with greater consistency. 2.5 This guidance is aimed particularly at the police and local partnerships that should be using Local Profiles to inform their action plans to tackle serious and organised crime. It should also be shared with other serious and organised crime partners where appropriate. Much of the information it contains will also be helpful to non-Home Office police forces, other enforcement agencies and partners in devolved administrations which are responsible for reducing the level of serious and organised crime. Details: London: Home Office, 2014. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 18, 2014 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/371602/Serious_and_Organised_Crime_local_profiles.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/371602/Serious_and_Organised_Crime_local_profiles.pdf Shelf Number: 134120 Keywords: National SecurityOrganized Crime (U.K.)PolicingViolent Crimes |